![hystericalqueen:
kropotkitten:
http://lolair.deviantart.com/art/Detailed-Ogham-Fews-53711826
is an Early Medieval alphabet used primarily to write the Old Irish language, and the Brythonic languages.[3] Ogham is sometimes called the “Celtic Tree Alphabet”, based on a high medieval Bríatharogam tradition ascribing names of trees to the individual letters. There are roughly 400 surviving ogham inscriptions on stone monuments throughout Ireland and western Britain; the bulk of them are in the south of Ireland, in Counties Kerry, Cork and Waterford. The largest number outside of Ireland is in Pembrokeshire in Wales.[4] The remainder are mostly in south-eastern Ireland, Scotland, Orkney Isles, the Isle of Man, and England around the Devon/Cornwall border. The vast majority of the inscriptions consist of personal names.
Beith, Old Irish Beithe means “birch-tree”, cognate to Latin betula.
Luis, Old Irish Luis is either related to luise “blaze” or lus “herb”. The arboreal tradition has caertheand “rowan”.
Fearn, Old Irish Fern means “alder-tree”, Primitive Irish *wernā, so that the original value of the letter was [w].
Sail, Old Irish Sail means “willow-tree”, cognate to Latin salix.
Nion, Old Irish Nin means either “fork” or “loft”. The arboreal tradition has uinnius “ash-tree”.
Uath, Old Irish Úath means úath “horror, fear”, the arboreal tradition has “white-thorn”. The original etymology of the name, and the letter’s value, are however unclear. McManus (1986) suggested a value [y]. Peter Schrijver (see McManus 1991:37) suggested that if úath “fear” is cognate with Latin pavere, a trace of PIE *p might have survived into Primitive Irish, but there is no independent evidence for this.
Dair, Old Irish Dair means “oak” (PIE *doru-).
Tinne, Old Irish Tinne from the evidence of the kennings means “bar of metal, ingot”. The arboreal tradition has cuileand “holly”.
Coll, Old Irish Coll meant “hazel-tree”, cognate with Welsh collen, correctly glossed as cainfidh “fair-wood” (“hazel”) by the arboreal interpretation. The Latin corylus is a possible cognate.
Ceirt, Old Irish Cert is cognate with Welsh perth “bush”, Latin quercus “oak” (PIE *perkwos). It was confused with Old Irish ceirt “rag”, reflected in the kennings. The Auraicept glosses aball “apple”.
Muin, Old Irish Muin: the kennings connect this name to three different words, muin “neck, upper part of the back”, muin “wile, ruse”, and muin “love, esteem”. The arboreal tradition has finemhain “vine”.
Gort, Old Irish Gort means “field” (cognate to garden). The arboreal tradition has edind “ivy”.
nGéadal, Old Irish Gétal from the kennings has a meaning of “killing”, maybe cognate to gonid “slays”, from PIE gwen-. The value of the letter in Primitive Irish, then, was a voiced labiovelar, [ɡʷ]. The arboreal tradition glosses cilcach, “broom” or “fern”.
Straif, Old Irish Straiph means “sulphur”. The Primitive Irish letter value is uncertain, it may have been a sibilant different from s, which is taken by sail, maybe a reflex of /st/ or /sw/. The arboreal tradition glosses draighin “blackthorn”.
Ruis, Old Irish Ruis means “red” or “redness”, glossed as trom “elder”.
Ailm, Old Irish Ailm is of uncertain meaning, possibly “pine-tree”. The Auraicept has crand giuis .i. ochtach, “fir-tree” or “pinetree”.
Onn, Old Irish Onn means “ash-tree”, although the Auraicept glosses aiten “furze”.
Úr, Old Irish Úr, based on the kennings, means “earth, clay, soil”. The Auraicept glosses fraech “heath”.
Eadhadh, Old Irish Edad of unknown meaning. The Auraicept glosses crand fir no crithach “test-tree or aspen”
Iodhadh, Old Irish Idad is of uncertain meaning, but is probably a form of ibhar “yew”, which is the meaning given to it in the arboreal tradition.
Of the forfeda, four are glossed by the Auraicept:
Eabhadh, Old Irish Ebhadh with crithach “aspen”;
Ór, “gold” (from Latin aurum); the arboreal tradition has feorus no edind, “spindle tree or ivy”
Uilleann, Old Irish Uilleand “elbow”; the arboreal tradition has edleand “honeysuckle”
Pín, later Ifín, Old Irish Iphin with spinan no ispin “gooseberry or thorn”.
The fifth letter is Emancholl which means ‘twin of hazel’
lumpenfag, look at how beautiful this set is. im dying.](http://24.media.tumblr.com/0398274b24d5dadd59456ef9aeaf49c7/tumblr_mn4pasvdhB1rnaxu7o1_400.jpg)
In opposition to what goes on during the prosperity, there are no more automatisms in an insurrection. Then, proletarians themselves have to invent the way to resocialise among themselves to confront capital. An interactive process develops among proletarians, and the more their individualisation is advanced, the more intense it is. Whether the subject is building barricades around working class areas in Paris (in 1848 for example), the Kiel sailors’ mutiny in 1918, or the destruction in downtown Athens by young Greeks after one of them was murdered by the police, the insurrection starts each time at an individual level. By word or deed, there have to be a few proletarians to start. Some women had to give the alarm and try to prevent Thiers’ army from seizing the Garde Nationale cannons for the Commune to start. Nobody gave orders, because nobody would have found reasons to obey. The ways in which an insurrection starts and develops are always somewhat mysterious, and seldom reported in history books. And in any case, there would be no lessons for would-be leaders to draw because the circumstances are, in their details, unique each time. The only thing that counts is that, on each occasion, some proletarians had, as individuals, to take the initiative of crossing the line of legality, of overcoming fear so that the crisis activity could form itself in an interactive way. —Crisis Activity and Communisation (via ninjabikeslut)
This is almost reminiscent of the wild atmosphere in the Italian factories in 1969. Except that now, the atmosphere is without doubt more serious. Killings of bosses are frequent, and destructions, without reaching the same extremities, occur almost daily. There are numerous examples recalling certain features of the anti-work of the 60s-70, only to a higher degree: lack of discipline, destructive fury, few or no demands, indifference to the consequences to plant and equipment or to jobs. These characteristics are strongly present in the recent struggles in Bangladesh. —Crisis Activity and Communisation (via ninjabikeslut)
Crossposted from I Greet the Dead
Mugwort is a weed you’ve probably passed a hundred times and never thought anything about it; it’s rather pretty in its own way, with silverish leaves and slightly furry undersides but otherwise it doesn’t seem like much. But…
